Real-time upward frequency regulation. ERCOT procures ~800 MW; batteries are price-setters in many intervals.

Real-time downward frequency regulation. Often lower-priced than Reg Up but provides charging revenue.

Fast frequency response for large contingency events. BESS can provide RRS with sub-second response. Highest-value reserve product in ERCOT.

Reserve capacity available within 30 minutes. Lower value but lower utilization and cycling impact.

New reserve product (2023+) for system-wide contingencies. 10-minute deployment. Supplements RRS.

Real-time LMP spread capture. ERCOT has the highest price volatility of any US ISO due to energy-only market and renewable penetration.